Guide
Heating Fuel Cost Comparison
Gas, oil, propane, electric, and heat pump on one yardstick.
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Parameter tables plus hand calculations you can reproduce: bills, rates, solar, EV charging, commercial demand, and power factor.
Guide
Gas, oil, propane, electric, and heat pump on one yardstick.
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The 5,000 rule, lifespan, and refrigerant phaseouts.
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Rules of thumb screen candidates; Manual J and Manual S pick the winner.
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Output covers the load; input is what you buy. AFUE connects them.
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COP, HSPF2, balance point, and dual-fuel switchover explained.
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SEER2, EER2, HSPF2, and what upgrades actually pay back.
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Velocity, friction rate, and Manual D in plain terms.
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Charge by numbers, not by feel. EPA 608 applies.
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